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Overview
Sweden promotes RES through a handful of mechanisms: the quota system based on electricity certificate trading and a tax regulation mechanism. Most incentives are open to all RES technologies but some impose conditions regarding the capacity or specific renewable energy source (e.g., reduced real estate tax is aimed only at wind power or energy tax allowance supports wind, wave and solar power plants).
Sweden does not have a national 2030 target for renewable energy, but it has set a target of reaching 100% renewable electricity production by 2040 (NECP, 2018). The 2016 trajectory of the Swedish Energy Agency projects a 65% share of RES of final electricity consumption by 2030 (NECP, 2018). -
Summary of support system
● Quota system is the single largest and most significant RES support mechanism in Sweden. Energy suppliers are obliged to prove that a certain quota of their electricity production was generated by RES. ● Tax regulation mechanisms ensure different tax privileges to RES-E.
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Competent authorities
● County Administrative Boards ● Energy Authority ● National Board of Housing, Building and Planning ● Svenska kraftnät (TSO) ● The Swedish Tax Authority
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Overview
In Sweden, tax exemptions are the main incentives to support renewable heating. The instruments are, in general, technology-neutral.
Sweden does not have a national 2030 target for renewable energy (NECP, 2018). According to the 2016 trajectory, the share of RES-H&C will increase slightly from the current level to 69% of final consumption by 2030 (ibid.). -
Summary of support schemes
● Tax reductions for households. Act 2009:194 sets rules for the tax-deduction of RES-related installation works in households. The installation of renewable energy devices and the replacement of conventional heating sources with renewable ones may be deducted from tax. ● Energy and carbon dioxide taxes. In Sweden, energy and carbon dioxide taxes are levied on the supply, import and production of fossil fuels for heating purposes. Renewable energy sources are exempt from these taxes. ● Nitrous oxide tax. The producers of heat are obliged to pay a tax according to their nitrous oxide emissions. Heat producers using renewable energy sources are exempt from this obligation.
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Competent authorities
● Energy Authority ● Swedish National Board of Housing, Building and Planning ● Swedish Environmental Protection Agency ● Swedish Tax Authority
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Overview
The two large incentives for RES-T in Sweden are a biofuels quota and tax exemptions for biofuels.
Recently, Sweden has also begun to incentivise the purchase of electric and RES-fueled vehicles and their charging stations with subsidies.
Sweden’s target for 2030 is to reach a 47,7% share of RES in transport sector final consumption. -
Summary of support schemes
● Tax regulation mechanism. Companies supplying, importing and producing fossil fuels are obliged to pay energy and carbon dioxide taxes. Biofuels are exempt from these taxes. ● Biofuel quota. Fuel suppliers are obliged to increase the share of biofuels in diesel- and petrol fuels in order to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions. ● Climate leap. The broad R&D for local and regional climate measures also enables subsidies for RES-T projects. ● Electric bus premium. The government subsidises electric and hybrid buses in order to increase their share in public transport. ● Climate premium. The government subsidises electric and hybrid heavy machinery purchases in order to increase their share. ● Bonus system. The bonus-malus system incentivises legal persons (both private persons and companies) to purchase low-emitting vehicles by subsidising them and offering tax discounts, as well as taxes newly bought high-emitting vehicles more heavily.
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Competent authorities
● Swedish Energy Agency ● Swedish Tax Authority ● Swedish Environmental Protection Agency ● Swedish Transport Agency