Policies in Sweden

Sweden promotes RES through a handful of mechanisms: the quota system based on electricity certificate trading and a tax regulation mechanism. Most incentives are open to all RES technologies but some impose conditions regarding the capacity or specific renewable energy source (e.g., reduced real estate tax is aimed only at wind power or energy tax allowance supports wind, wave and solar power plants).
Sweden does not have a national 2030 target for renewable energy, but it has set a target of reaching 100% renewable electricity production by 2040 (NECP, 2018). The 2016 trajectory of the Swedish Energy Agency projects a 65% share of RES of final electricity consumption by 2030 (NECP, 2018).

● Quota system is the single largest and most significant RES support mechanism in Sweden. Energy suppliers are obliged to prove that a certain quota of their electricity production was generated by RES. ● Tax regulation mechanisms ensure different tax privileges to RES-E.

● County Administrative Boards ● Energy Authority ● National Board of Housing, Building and Planning ● Svenska kraftnät (TSO) ● The Swedish Tax Authority

The two large incentives for RES-T in Sweden are a biofuels quota and tax exemptions for biofuels.
Recently, Sweden has also begun to incentivise the purchase of electric and RES-fueled vehicles and their charging stations with subsidies.
Sweden’s target for 2030 is to reach a 47,7% share of RES in transport sector final consumption.

● Tax regulation mechanism. Companies supplying, importing and producing fossil fuels are obliged to pay energy and carbon dioxide taxes. Biofuels are exempt from these taxes. ● Biofuel quota. Fuel suppliers are obliged to increase the share of biofuels in diesel- and petrol fuels in order to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions. ● Climate leap. The broad R&D for local and regional climate measures also enables subsidies for RES-T projects. ● Electric bus premium. The government subsidises electric and hybrid buses in order to increase their share in public transport. ● Climate premium. The government subsidises electric and hybrid heavy machinery purchases in order to increase their share. ● Bonus system. The bonus-malus system incentivises legal persons (both private persons and companies) to purchase low-emitting vehicles by subsidising them and offering tax discounts, as well as taxes newly bought high-emitting vehicles more heavily.

● Swedish Energy Agency ● Swedish Tax Authority ● Swedish Environmental Protection Agency ● Swedish Transport Agency