Policies in Ireland

Ireland's Climate Action Plan sets ambitious goals for 2030 to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and transition to a more sustainable future. Some key targets include:

• Achieving a 51% Reduction in Emissions by 2030 Relative to 2018 Levels
• Increasing renewable energy to 80% of electricity generation.
• Phasing out coal and expanding wind and solar power.
• Retrofitting homes to improve energy efficiency, with a goal of upgrading 500,000 homes.
• Promoting electric vehicles, aiming for nearly 1 million EVs on the road.

Overview of the Irish Planning System

The two principal pieces of legislation which govern planning and development in Ireland are the Planning and Development Act 2000 , as amended (the Act) and the Planning and Development Regulations 2001, as amended (the Regulations). These Regulations are updated regularly to put legislative changes into effect on more detailed aspects of the implementation of the provisions of the Act. The draft Planning and Development Bill was published in January 2023 and is considered the most significant overhaul of the Planning and Development Regime for many years. The Planning and Development (Amendment) Bill 2023 was enacted in Q4 2024. Some of the key changes are as follows: 

• An Bord Pleanála will be re-named An Coimisiún Pleanála, or “the Commission”.
• Development plans will now have a lifetime of ten years instead of the current six years.
• Changes to Judicial Review (JR) legislation in order to process these applications as expeditiously as possible. 

In addition to the Acts, the Minister may issue Planning Guidelines under Section 28 of the Act and Policy Directives under Section 29 of the Act, which planning authorities must have regard to in discharging their planning functions. The Act envisages a hierarchy of plans and strategies which operate at both national and local level, and which are complementary in terms of delivering proper planning and sustainable development. One of the aims of the Act is to ensure that these plans and strategies are more closely aligned and integrated.

1. Site selection process
2. Application preparation process
3. Electricity production license process
4. Administrative authorisation procedure
5. Grid connection procedure
6. Corporate legal-fiscal processes
7. Other 

• Local Planning Authorities
• An Board Pleanála
• CRU
• ESB Networks
• Eirgrid
• Valuation Office

1. Climate Action Plan

The Climate Action Plan 2023 is Ireland's strategic framework for achieving its climate goals. It sets out the country's path to achieving net-zero emissions by 2050. The plan outlines specific actions to support the deployment of district heating systems and energy-efficient technologies. Key points include:

Decarbonization of the heat sector: The Climate Action Plan acknowledges the need to decarbonise the heating sector, which is a significant contributor to Ireland's carbon emissions. It highlights the role of district heating systems in this process, particularly in urban areas where heat demand is concentrated.

District heating incentives: The plan supports the establishment and expansion of district heating networks, especially where renewable and waste heat sources (such as biomass, geothermal, or industrial waste heat) can be integrated.

Government funding: The plan includes provisions for funding and providing financial support for district heating projects.

2. The National Energy and Climate Plan (NECP)

Ireland's National Energy and Climate Plan (NECP) outlines Ireland’s strategy to meet its energy and climate targets for 2030. This includes increasing the share of renewable energy, improving energy efficiency, and reducing reliance on fossil fuels. Key points relating to grid heating and cooling include:

• Energy efficiency targets: The NECP sets a target to reduce energy demand through better energy efficiency measures. District heating is identified as a key component of this strategy, especially for improving the efficiency of heating and cooling in urban areas.
• Renewable heat incentives: The NECP highlights the need to increase the use of renewable heat sources in district heating systems, particularly from biomass, waste-to-energy, and industrial heat recovery.
• Cross-sector collaboration: The NECP encourages the development of integrated energy systems that combine heat, power, and cooling, with a focus on efficiency and the use of low-carbon energy.

3. The Renewable Heat Incentive (RHI)

• The Renewable Heat Incentive (RHI) is a policy designed to support the deployment of renewable heating technologies. Although it primarily focuses on individual heating systems (like biomass boilers or heat pumps), it also has relevance for district heating:
• Support for renewable district heating: The RHI can provide financial incentives for the installation of renewable heating systems in district heating networks, promoting the use of low-carbon heat sources.
• Encouraging sustainable development: The RHI aims to reduce reliance on fossil fuels for heating and support the transition to sustainable, renewable energy systems, including those used in district heating.

4. Public Sector Support

• Ireland has various programs to support energy efficiency and renewable energy within the public sector, which also affect district heating:
• SEAI (Sustainable Energy Authority of Ireland) provides support through grants and technical assistance for district heating projects and energy efficiency improvements.
• SEAI administers several funding programs, such as the Deep Retrofit Scheme and Accelerated Projects Fund, which can include funding for district heating and energy efficiency upgrades.

5. Regulatory and Market Framework

• Regulations for district heating systems: The Irish government is working to create a regulatory framework that supports the development of district heating. This includes rules for network planning, tariff structures, and integration with existing energy infrastructure.

Heat networks: Ireland is in the process of developing regulations to ensure that district heating networks are built in a way that maximizes energy efficiency and integrates renewable energy sources

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Grid ownership

The Electricity Supply Board (ESB) is the electricity transmission asset owner (TAO) and the electricity distribution asset owner (DAO) in Ireland. This refers to onshore assets.  Information about compliance and enforcement can be found here.

Ownership of the offshore transmission system will rest with EirGrid at all stages of the phased transition, regardless of whether the grid has been planned and developed by the individual renewable energy projects or the TSO. Eirgrid is the Transmission System Operator (TSO) in Ireland: https://assets.gov.ie/134847/bd02ef78-75b2-4174-a160-4946c69a7b5d.pdf

Island interconnection
Yes

Island relevant TSOs and DSOs
EirGrid (TSO) and ESB Networks (DSO)

Development of electricity grids for RES integration
The Commission for Regulation of Utilities [CRU] is committed to the ongoing development of strategic policies toward energy security, driven by a low-carbon approach
Electricity Connection Policy: https://www.cru.ie/publications/27384/ 
Enduring Connection Policy Overview: https://www.eirgridgroup.com/customer-and-industry/becoming-a-customer/generator-connections/enduring-connection-polic/   
Enduring Connection Policy Decision Paper: https://cruie-live-96ca64acab2247eca8a850a7e54b-5b34f62.divio-media.com/documents/CRU202326_Enduring_Connection_Policy_ECP_2.4_Decision.PDF 

Specifications for islands, isolated grids, microgrids, local grids, etc.
Irish legislation does not specify this topic. The current legal position in Ireland is that only the ESB (Distribution Asset Owner (DAO) and Transmission Asset Owner (TAO)) can own an electricity distribution or transmission system. As such, the supply of electricity from the generation site to the demand user takes place on the ESB-owned National Electricity Grid. 
 

Connection procedure 

The CRU ‘Enduring Connection Policy' prioritises the connections of renewable energy projects. https://www.cru.ie/publications/27384/  

CRU issues a decision that supports Eirgrid (the TSO) and ESB Networks (the DSO) to issue the terms and conditions for grid connection. Currently, the second ECP (ECP-2) is in place. Under ECP-2, submission batches are formed. The first batch opened for new applications in September 2020, while the batch processing will be carried out throughout 2021. In aggregate, 115 connection offers were issued. A similar process is foreseen for the second batch in 2021 and the third batch in 2022 (section 2.1 ECP-2 Decision). Under ECP-2, two basic categories are identified (Ch. 2 ECP-2 Decision Ruleset): 

• Category of existing applicants
• Category of new applicants.
• The process is almost identical for both categories (Ch. 5 ECP-2 Decision Ruleset). 

Firstly, ESB Networks/ Eirgrid issue a call for applications (for the respective batch). Then the application is submitted along with the necessary documents (Ch. 5 ECP-2 Decision Ruleset). Applications for projects with Maximum Export Capacity (MEC) < 40 MW are submitted to ESB Networks. Applications for plants ≥ 40 MW should be submitted to Eirgrid. (Ch. 3.1 ECP-2 Decision Ruleset).

The logistics of applications are facilitated through the Eirgrid (TSO) for transmission https://www.eirgridgroup.com/customer-and-industry/becoming-a-customer/generator-connections/enduring-connection-polic/    
and ESB Networks (DSO) for distribution 
https://www.esbnetworks.ie/new-connections/generator-connections-group/enduring-connection-policy-(ecp) 

Rules concerning the connection of a new producer to the grid
Eirgrid is the Auction Administrator and manages the “Renewable Electricity Support Scheme (RESS)” with the objective of promoting renewable energy generation in Ireland via auctions* and community-led projects for which there are financial supports.
DECC Publication: https://www.gov.ie/en/publication/36d8d2-renewable-electricity-support-scheme/ 
SEAI Programme: https://www.seai.ie/community-energy/ress/overview/ 
https://www.eirgridgroup.com/customer-and-industry/renewable-electricity-support-scheme/ 

*2023 Offshore Wind Auction: 
Terms and Conditions: https://www.gov.ie/en/press-release/f2ac5-minister-ryan-welcomes-hugely-positive-provisional-results-of-first-offshore-wind-auction/ 
Results: https://www.gov.ie/pdf/?file=https://assets.gov.ie/252215/7eacfb9c-6702-4e72-9499-5bea86aa9d96.pdf#page=null

Second, the offshore wind auction will be run in 2025: https://www.gov.ie/en/press-release/7a11b-department-releases-critical-geophysical-data-for-states-second-offshore-wind-auction/

Rules for connecting RES and storage to the grid
Micro-generation:  For connections at LV, rated up to and including 25A (~6kW) at low voltage [230 volts] for single-phase connections or 16A (~11kW) at low voltage [230/400 volts] for three-phase connections.

https://www.esbnetworks.ie/services/get-connected/renewable-connection/micro-generation

Mini-generation: For connections with an installed generation capacity between 25A (~6kVA) and 72A (~17kVA) for single-phase connections and between 16A (~11kVA) and 72A (~50kVA) for three-phase connections.

https://www.esbnetworks.ie/services/get-connected/renewable-connection/mini-generation

Small-scale generation: For inverter-connected installed capacity greater than Mini-Generation (17kVA Single Phase/50kVA Three Phase) and up to 200kVA, or for synchronous installed capacity greater than micro-generation thresholds and up to 200kVA.

https://www.esbnetworks.ie/services/get-connected/renewable-connection/small-scale-generation

Parallel (non-exporting generators): Non-exporting generators operate in parallel with the electricity distribution system. Such generators cannot be used to supply or sell electricity via the national grid.

https://www.esbnetworks.ie/services/get-connected/generator-connection/parallel-(non-exporting)-generators

Generators with a Maximum Export Capacity (MEC) > 200kW: The Enduring Connection Policy (ECP) process for grid connection applications is one of the current pathways for generators, storage, and other system services technology projects (MEC>0.2MW) to connect to the electricity system, including DS3 system services trial projects (MEC≤0.5MW), Autoproducers, and 100% community-owned renewable energy projects (MEC≥0.5MW and ≤5MW).

https://www.esbnetworks.ie/services/get-connected/renewable-connection/enduring-connection-policy-(ecp)

Community-led renewable energy projects (in the range of 0.5MW to 5MW)

https://www.esbnetworks.ie/docs/default-source/publications/community-led-renewable-energy-projects-guide_december-2020.pdf?sfvrsn=5979359c_14

Community Toolkit (ESB Networks)

https://www.esbnetworks.ie/docs/default-source/publications/esb-networks-esb-networks-community-toolkit-delivered-in-collaboration-with-customers-and-communities.pdf?sfvrsn=4ec94788_12

Specifications for islands, isolated grids, microgrids, local grids, etc.

Nothing specific for islands, isolated grids, microgrids and local grids. 

Exceptions

Comhdháil Oileáin na hÉireann [Irish Islands Federation] works with the SEAI to facilitate renewable energy facilities and education. http://oileain.net/

The 2021 Department of Rural and Community Development (DRCD) publication ‘Our Rural Future: Rural Development Policy 2021-2025’ https://www.gov.ie/en/publication/4c236-our-rural-future-vision-and-policy-context/ provides special focus for island sustainability: https://www.gov.ie/pdf/?file=https://assets.gov.ie/132413/433aebac-f12a-4640-8cac-9faf52e5ea1f.pdf#page=91 

Possibilities to differentiate RES in scale and technology

See above Rules for connecting RES and storage to the grid. 
 

Rights and obligations of customers and prosumers
The Irish Government National Climate Plan 2021-2030 states, “Ireland is committed to supporting customers’ participation in the energy system and enabling them to sell excess electricity they have produced back to the grid”  https://www.gov.ie/pdf/?file=https://assets.gov.ie/94442/f3e50986-9fde-4d34-aa35-319af3bfac0c.pdf#page=null 
The multi-year process through which the ESB Networks have been preparing for and enabling the Irish consumer’s transition to prosumer is detailed in the following document:  https://www.esbnetworks.ie/docs/default-source/publications/microgeneration-framework-consultation-.pdf?sfvrsn=1a26bcb0_16 

Rights and obligations of plant operators
Grid Code

This Grid Code is designed to cover all material technical aspects relating to the operation and use of the Transmission System, and (insofar as relevant to the operation and use of the Transmission System) all material technical aspects relating to the use of Plant and or Apparatus connected to the Transmission System or to the Distribution System.

The Grid Code | The Grid | EirGrid

Distribution Code

The Distribution Code has been prepared by ESB Networks Ltd. under the terms of the Act. This defines the technical aspects of the working relationship between DSO and all Users of the Distribution System, to ensure an efficient, coordinated and economical system for electricity distribution. It also enables ESB Networks Ltd. to comply with its obligations under its DSO Licence and the Grid Code.

Distribution code 

Distribution Code Version 8

Conditions Governing Connection to the Distribution System at Medium Voltage

Connections at MV and 38kV 

Embedded Generators at LV, MV and 38kV

This document is referenced in the Distribution Code and sets out requirements for Customer equipment at the interface between the Distribution System and the Customer’s installation. This document applies to demand installations connected to the Distribution System (users of category A, B1 and B2 in the Distribution Code). It applies to connections at MV and 38kV and Embedded Generators at LV, MV and 38kV.

Conditions Governing Connection to the Distribution System at Medium Voltage

Conditions Governing the Connection and Operation of Small Scale Generation (50 kW - 200 kW)

Connection of the two categories of synchronous and inverter-connected generation in the premises of demand customers with an installed generation capacity above the levels set out in ‘Conditions Governing the Connection and Operation of Mini-generation’ (DOC-030221-GAP), termed ‘Small Scale Generation (SSG)’.

Conditions Governing the Connection and Operation of Small Scale Generation (50 kW - 200 kW)

Conditions Governing the Connection and Operation of Mini-Generation

Connection of inverter-connected generation in the premises of LV-connected demand customers, with an installed generation capacity above the levels set out in Micro-Generation (DTIS-230206-BRL), and up to an installed capacity of 72 A single-phase (c. 17 kVA) or 72 A per phase three-phase (c. 50 kVA), termed ‘Mini-Generation’.

Conditions Governing the Connection and Operation of Mini-Generation

Conditions Governing the Connection and Operation of Micro-Generation

This document sets out the requirements for the installation of Micro-Generation installations in the premises of LV-connected demand customers. Micro-Generation, commonly referred to as ‘Micro-Generation (6/11 kVA) installations’ (

Conditions Governing the Connection and Operation of Micro-Generation

Governance Codes: https://esb.ie/who-we-are/corporate-governance/governance-codes-and-group-policies 
Internal Controls: https://esb.ie/who-we-are/corporate-governance/esb-internal-controls 

Task of the DSO/TSO
EirGrid (TSO): “EirGrid operates and develops Ireland’s electricity grid. This includes interconnecting to neighbouring grids and running the wholesale electricity market. We ensure that everyone has power when they need it, at the most economical price possible. The grid safely brings power from generators to the ESB network that supplies every home, farm, community and business in Ireland. It also brings power directly to large energy users.”  https://www.eirgrid.ie/

ESB Networks (DSO): “As part of ESB Group, we are licensed to build, operate, maintain and develop the electricity network in the Republic of Ireland. Our countrywide staff of 3,000 people are proud to put every customer first, whatever the electricity supplier. We build and operate the medium and low voltage electricity infrastructure, including distribution stations, overhead lines, poles and underground cables. We are funded through 'use of system' charges billed to customers via Electricity Suppliers, controlled by the Commission for Regulation of Utilities.” https://www.esbnetworks.ie/who-we-are/about-esb-networks 

Licence: https://www.esbnetworks.ie/docs/default-source/publications/distribution-system-operator-license-(dso)1bd777d2-28da-4e69-a1e6-91e76e417fb8.pdf?sfvrsn=2f426e55_12 

Transmission System: “The nationwide electricity transmission system carries large volumes of electricity at high voltages (400kV, 220kV and 110kV (except in some parts of Dublin) from generation stations to bulk supply points near the main towns and cities. From these, it connects with the distribution system, as well as to transmission systems in Northern Ireland and Britain.” https://www.esbnetworks.ie/who-we-are/our-networks  

Distribution System: “The distribution system delivers electricity from the transmission system to 2.3 million customers in Ireland, operating at 110kV in the Dublin area, and at 38kV, 20kV, 10kV and low voltage (LV) nationwide. In serving Ireland’s large rural population, the network length per capita is four times the European average, and overhead lines outnumber underground cables 6:1. https://www.esbnetworks.ie/who-we-are/our-networks 

ESB Networks' Distribution Code: “We refer to the Distribution System as the electricity distribution network in the Republic of Ireland. The Distribution System Operator (DSO) is the designated authority responsible for the operation of our Distribution, and we were granted the Distribution System Operator Licence (PDF | 1MB) by the Commission for Regulation of Utilities Water and Energy - CRU Ireland. Distribution Code:” This Distribution Code Version 8.0 defines the technical aspects of the working relationships between the DSO and all other users of the Distribution System. It aims to ensure an efficient, coordinated and economical system for electricity distribution.  The Distribution Code was first approved by the CER (now known as the Commission for Regulation of Utilities (CRU)) in March 2000. Any modifications or updates to this code must be approved by this Commission. More detail is available in the Distribution Code Constitution

https://www.esbnetworks.ie/who-we-are/distribution-code 

Distribution Code Version 8

Role of the National Regulatory Agency (NRA)
The Commission for Regulation of Utilities [CRU] “The CRU was established in 1999 and operates within a policy and statutory framework set by Government and has responsibility for economic regulation and customer protection in the energy and water sectors and regulation of energy safety.” Responsibilities: 

• Regulating energy and water for a changing climate
• Protecting energy and water customers
• Energy safety regulation

Strategic Plan 2022-2024: https://cruie-live-96ca64acab2247eca8a850a7e54b-5b34f62.divio-media.com/documents/CRU-Strategic-Plan-2022-2024-Final.pdf 

Priority for RES

Renewable Energy Sources (RES) in the SEM have priority dispatch, which effectively means their output is maximised in dispatch.

Procedure 

Eirgrid publishes annually ‘All Island Transmission Forecast Statement’, which analyses how the transmission grid will develop and describes the reinforcement works to be implemented. 

Eirgrid has published its ‘Transmission Development Plan 2024- 2033: https://cms.eirgrid.ie/transmission-development-plan-tdp-2024

Tasks of the DSO/TSO

EirGrid (TSO) - Grid Development Roadmap: “At EirGrid, we are making the grid ready to carry 80% of Ireland’s electricity from renewable sources by 2030, as set out in the Government's Climate Action Plan. Electricity will play a crucial role in our response to climate change. The growth in low-carbon and renewable sources will require a decade of change to the electricity system. We also need to make the grid stronger and more flexible. Shaping Our Electricity Future is our roadmap for achieving these goals.

Plain English Summary: https://cms.eirgrid.ie/sites/default/files/publications/Shaping-Our-Electricity-Future_Version-1.1-Plain-English-Summary_07.23.pdf

Technical Roadmap Report: https://cms.eirgrid.ie/sites/default/files/publications/Shaping-Our-Electricity-Future-Roadmap_Version-1.1_07.23.pdf

Obligations and rights of plant operators

Electricity plants are operated by the ESB Networks. 

Generator availability capacity: https://www.esbnetworks.ie/services/get-connected/renewable-connection/network-capacity-heatmap

Service providers connected to the distribution network and partnerships between the Transmission System Operators (TSOs) and Distribution System Operators (DSOs) are required to help release the full potential of demand-side flexibility. Demand side flexibility will be critical to ensuring we can enable the transition to at least 70% RES-E and facilitate the electrification of the heat and transport sectors while maintaining power system security. A demand side management strategy covering the participation of demand side resources in the energy, capacity and system services markets is required to incentivise the necessary behaviours and flexibility.”
https://www.eirgridgroup.com/site-files/library/EirGrid/Shaping_Our_Electricity_Future_Roadmap.pdf   Page 17

Obligations and rights of customers 

The Department of the Environment, Climate and Communications (DECC) has developed nine Micro-Generation Policies for consumers, aiming to "generate electricity from renewable technologies including solar photovoltaic (PV), micro-wind, micro-hydro and micro-renewable combined heat and power (CHP).” 
1. Micro-generation Support Scheme (MSS): “Domestic applicants can apply to the Sustainable Energy Authority of Ireland (SEAI) for a grant towards the cost of installing Solar PV equipment. In 2023, capital grants are available up to a maximum of €2,400.”
2. Clean Export Guarantee (CEG): “The Clean Export Guarantee (CEG) tariff provides an opportunity for micro- and small-scale generators in Ireland to receive payment from their electricity supplier for all excess renewable electricity they export to the grid. This remuneration is intended to reflect the wholesale market value of the electricity.”
3. Smart Meters: “The Commission for Regulation of Utilities (CRU) is coordinating the National Smart Metering Programme and is working with ESB Networks (ESBN) in delivering the electricity meter rollout on a phased basis.”
4. Grid connections for Micro-generators: “Grid connection for projects up to 6kW (single phase, usually domestic) and up to 11kW (three phase, usually farm or commercial settings) is provided for through ESB Network’s existing simple notification process, the "Inform and Fit" process.”
5. Other Supports for Micro-generation: “The SEAI has a Community Energy Grant Scheme which is a national retrofit initiative with grant support for energy efficiency and renewable measures, including Solar PV installations. Through this scheme, support in achieving energy efficiency and reduced energy use and costs can be delivered for homeowners, communities, and private sector organisations.”
6. Domestic micro-wind turbines: Small wind turbines are exempted developments in domestic, industrial, agricultural and commercial applications if they comply with certain terms & conditions: more information is available in SI 83 of 2007 [ https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2007/si/83/made/en/pdf ] and SI 235 of 2008 [  https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2008/si/235/made/en/pdf ].”
7. Small-Scale Generation
8. Transposition of the EU Clean Energy Package
9. Planning for Solar installations
https://www.gov.ie/en/publication/b1fbe-micro-generation/

ESB Networks (DSO) facilitates the micro generation connections https://www.esbnetworks.ie/who-we-are/eletrification-of-heat-and-transport/microgeneration

Role of the NRA

The Commission for Regulation of Utilities [CRU] Planning and Development: “Annual public consultations are held by the CRU on Eirgrid's Network Development Plans. This is to allow stakeholders to express their views on Network Development Plans.” https://www.cru.ie/regulations-policy/energy/planning-and-development/ 

• ESB Networks
• Eirgrid

Number of DSOs: 1 Number of legally unbundled DSOs: 1 Source: 2020 DSO facts and figures Eurelectric; Distribution System Operator Observatory 2020

Smart meter penetration rate 

Over 1.9m smart meters have been installed in homes, farms and business across Ireland. Out of a total of 2.2m residential electricty meters. Source: ESB Networks – The National Smart Metering Programme 

Policies for the digitalisation of the electricity grid
Innovation To Deliver Networks For Net Zero: https://esbnetworksprdsastd01.blob.core.windows.net/media/docs/default-source/publications/consultation-innovation-2025---innovation-to-deliver-networks-for-net-zero.pdf?sfvrsn=af89bcb7_3

Specific rules for islands, isolated grids, microgrids, local grids, etc.
No specific rules have been developed for islands, isolated grids, microgrids, local grids
 

Total number of active electricity nationwide suppliers: 12 Switching rates for electricity household customers in 2018: 14.2% Source: Monitoring Report on the Performance of European Retail Markets in 2018. CEER Report.

How does the tariff methodology account for the deployment of RES and storage?
ESB Networks (DSO) applies connection charges, distribution use of system charges (DUoS) and other service charges via the ESB Networks Designated Activity Company (ESBN):  https://www.esbnetworks.ie/docs/default-source/publications/esb-networks-dac-statement-of-charges.pdf 

Standard Prices for Generator Connections: https://www.esbnetworks.ie/docs/default-source/publications/cru21035a-esb-networks-standard-prices-for-generator-connections-2021.pdf?sfvrsn=f3171b90_16 

Connection to the Distribution System: https://www.esbnetworks.ie/docs/default-source/publications/rules-for-application-of-duos-tariff-group.pdf?sfvrsn=a44b33f0_4

How does the tariff methodology adapt to islands, microgrids, local grids, etc.? 
N/A 

Are any policies being produced to account for such developments? 
No 

Are there existing caps for RES installed capacity in the network?
Identifying Grid Capacity: https://www.seai.ie/publications/Community-Toolkit-Grid-Connection.pdf   
Availability Capacity Map: https://www.esbnetworks.ie/new-connections/generator-connections-group/availability-capacity-map 

What are the curtailment rules for RES generation? 
Transmission Level Dispatch-Down Rules

Renewable generation receives priority within the scheduling and dispatch algorithms in the Control Centre of the TSO. However, there will be times when it is not possible to accommodate all priority dispatch generation while maintaining the safe, secure operation of the power system. Security-based limits must be imposed due to both local network and system-wide security issues. It is necessary to reduce the output of renewable generators below their maximum available level when these security limits are reached. This reduction is referred to as ‘dispatch-down’ of renewable generation and is consistent with the principle of priority dispatch as per SEM-11-062.

There are two reasons for the dispatch-down of wind and solar energy: constraint and curtailment. Constraint refers to the dispatch-down of wind and solar generation for localised network reasons (where only a subset of wind/solar generators can contribute to alleviating the problem). Curtailment refers to the dispatch-down of wind/solar for system-wide reasons (where the reduction of any or all wind/solar generators would alleviate the problem). The SEM Committee approved the difference between constraint and curtailment in their SEM-13-011 paper. However recent clarification with respect to the Articles 12 and 13 of the Regulation 2019/943 will need consideration in future reporting. For example, it is intended to start reporting on Oversupply.

The ability to constrain and curtail is enabled by Active Power Control Setpoint mandated by the Grid Code. 

https://www.eirgrid.ie/grid/grid-codes-and-compliance/grid-code

Distribution Level

Under current ESB Networks policy firm connections are provided only. However, ESB Networks is investigating Flexible Generation Connections. The objective of this initiative is to “avoid the initial need for deep connection works or significant shallow works to allow renewable projects to connect (whenever possible) through flexible connection offer rules such as Firm & Non-Firm Access to be used during periods of high generation and low demand, and/or under contingency operating conditions/network outages to facilitate connections

Who is responsible for voltage balancing, frequency reserve, unit dispatching, electrical system management?
 Eirgrid 

Who has access to metering data? 
ESB Networks (DSO) oversees all aspects of the electricity distribution system:
Voltage Issues: 
https://www.esbnetworks.ie/existing-connections/voltage-issues-

Alterations & Meter Work: https://www.esbnetworks.ie/help-centre/help-faq/alterations-meter-work/what-is-the-standard-voltage-in-ireland

The National Energy and Climate Plan (NECP) 2021–2030 sets out Ireland’s integrated approach to addressing energy and climate objectives. 

Under the plan, Ireland aims to achieve a 34.1% share of renewable energy in its gross final energy consumption by 2030. Specific sectoral targets include 80% renewable electricity generation, 29% renewable energy in transport, and 24% in heating and cooling. Energy efficiency is also a major focus, with a targeted 11.7% reduction in final energy consumption compared to baseline projections.

The NECP complements other national strategies, including the Climate Action Plan 2024, which is a roadmap for achieving a 51% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by 2030 and reaching net-zero emissions by 2050, as required under the Climate Action and Low Carbon Development (Amendment) Act 2021. Key energy targets include 80% renewable electricity by 2030, large-scale deployment of offshore wind, increased use of electric vehicles, and widespread building retrofits.
The National Development Plan 2021-2030 is Ireland’s 10-year investment strategy, supporting economic, social, and climate priorities. It funds major infrastructure projects, including public transport, renewable energy, electricity grid upgrades, housing, and climate resilience.

The main piece of legislation in Ireland in the energy sector is: 

• Electricity Regulation Act 1999

National Retrofit Programme - Communities Energy Grant

The Communities Energy Grant is part of the government's National Retrofit Programme aimed at upgrading building stock and facilities to high standards of energy efficiency and renewable energy usage, thereby reducing fossil fuel usage, energy costs and greenhouse gas emissions. By supporting project structures that can be easily replicated, the Communities Energy Grant hopes to showcase retrofit project models that can be implemented without SEAI support in the future. As part of this initiative, the Communities Energy Grant supports new approaches to achieving high-quality improvements in energy efficiency within Irish communities. By bringing together groups of buildings under the same retrofit programme, community projects facilitate community-wide energy improvements more efficiently and cost-effectively than might otherwise be possible. The primary objective of the scheme is to support and maximise the number of home energy upgrades delivered. Non-domestic projects are supported to encourage the engagement of communities to build low-carbon and sustainable communities. The ambitions of this Communities Energy Grant are to: 

1. Build on the success of the previous Communities Energy Grant schemes to support the delivery of large-scale projects through the support of the project coordinators to deliver larger and more technically challenging schemes.
2. Support cross-sectoral, partnership approaches that deliver energy savings to a range of building types, including public, commercial and community buildings, with a particular focus on using the projects to deliver home retrofits.
3. Help develop the supplier market for the delivery of government energy retrofit targets.
4. Build strategic and working relationships directly with communities and businesses to support the delivery of many more home energy upgrades.
5. Empower Businesses, Public Sector Organisations, Communities, Housing Associations & Local Authorities(subject to Department of Housing approval) to lead deep energy-efficient upgrades on the buildings and housing stock under their control or in their region.
6. Encourage the retrofitting of rental properties
7. Develop community skills to manage capital projects and empower communities to lead small to medium-scale projects in their communities. While this is not a mandatory requirement, it is strongly encouraged. 

Projects are required to demonstrate a building fabric first approach in line with the SEAI definition in the following order of priority: 

• Be as energy efficient as possible (fabric first approach)
• Improve ventilation
• Decarbonise heat by considering and utilising renewables where feasible
• Adopt smart technologies as appropriate

The maximum grant available per application in the Communities Energy Grant is €5,000,000. SEAI recommend applicants consider grant applications of at least €100,000 due to the level of administration involved in this programme.

All applications should try to include more than one of the following categories:

• Residential housing energy efficiency upgrades to stock built before the 1 st of January 2011. All homes must meet a minimum B2 final BER and achieve a minimum BER uplift of 100 kWh/m²/yr. There is no minimum BER start point for homes however we suggest homes which are already a C1 will find it challenging to achieve the uplift required. These homes therefore require prior SEAI approval before works commence. Single measures are not supported under this scheme.
• Energy-poor homes are encouraged to participate in CEG and there is a higher rate of grant available. CEG will accept energy-poor homes with any BER rating. However, please be aware of the EEOS requirements regarding credits for energy-poor homes (energy-poor homes must have a pre-BER of D2 or lower to qualify for EEOS credits).
• Private sector non-residential building works
• Commercial organisations (subject to state aids)
• Voluntary organisations
• Community-based organisations
• Public sector non-residential work

Applications must be submitted via SEAI’s online Project Evaluation Platform https://pepportal.seai.ie Applications submitted by email or as a hard copy will not be accepted. All necessary documentation must be submitted at the point of application. Additional data submitted after the application submission will not be reviewed. The CEG scheme remains open for evaluation all year however the evaluation process may be longer at certain times and project coordinators should engage with the CEG team before making an application to estimate the evaluation and approval timeframes. Where SEAI has exceeded the commitment level no further applications will be sent for evaluation, but these applications may be held in reserve.

SEAI

Ireland supports renewable electricity through a number of schemes. Firstly, the Renewable Energy Support Scheme (RESS) is an auction scheme that supports solar PV (0.5 MW-125 MW) and onshore wind energy projects (0.5 MW - equivalent of 60 GWh). The Community Projects preference category will not be included in RESS 3.  Support for communities developing renewable energy projects is provided under the Small-Scale Renewable Electricity Support Scheme (SRESS). Additionally, solar PV scheme provides subsidies for the purchase and installation for roof-mounted PV (up to 2kWp and with battery storage up to 4 kWp). Furthermore, subsidies for PV systems are available to farmers under the Targeted Agricultural Modernisation Scheme 3 (TAMS 3) (Solar Capital Investment Scheme (SCIS)) which will be ring fenced with its own investment ceiling of €90,000 and will be grant aided at the enhanced rate of 60%. Tax-relief for the purchase of energy efficient equipment including PV systems and wind turbines are provided under the Accelerated Capital Allowance- ACA to enterprises located in the Republic of Ireland. Finally, Value Added Tax (VAT) refund is foreseen for farmers that have purchased PV systems or wind turbines.
With regard to its RES-E targets, the Republic of Ireland aspires to increase its RES-E share from 30% in 2020 to 80% by 2030 (Climate Action Plan 2024).

• Subsidy (Solar PV Scheme): SEAI provides grants for the purchase and installation of roof-mounted PV. Battery storage is also eligible for support.
• Subsidy (TAMS3 Young Farmers’ Capital Investment Scheme): The Young Farmers’ Capital Investment Scheme (YFCIS) provides financial help to young farmers to upgrade their agricultural buildings and equipment. It helps them to meet the capital costs associated with the establishment of their enterprises. It also improves efficiency, drives growth and creates environmental benefits.
• Tax regulation mechanisms (Accelerated Capital Allowance- ACA): ACA is a tax-relief scheme that promotes the purchase of energy efficient equipment by enterprises located in the Republic of Ireland. More specifically, companies can depreciate 100% of the purchase value of certain energy efficient equipment against their profit in the year of purchase.
• Tax regulation mechanisms (VAT Refund for farmers): S.I. No. 201/2012 foresees the refund of Value Added Tax (VAT) for farmers purchasing wind turbines or PV plants.
• Small-Scale Renewable Electricity Support Scheme (SRESS): SRESS is a renewable electricity scheme, without an auction, operated by the Department of Environment, Climate and Communications. SRESS has been designed with small-scale (above 50kW and up to 6MW in capacity size) community, farm, and SME projects very much in mind and offers such projects a simpler, non-competitive, route to market. The SRESS will be operated on the basis of a policy lifetime out to 2030 and includes a 15-year tariff support lifetime for successful export applicants.
• Micro-generation Support Scheme (MSS): offers grants of up to €2,400 for domestic solar PV installations, with eligibility for homes built before 2021 and no minimum BER requirement. For non-domestic applicants—including businesses, farms, and community buildings—grant support was expanded in 2023 to cover systems from 7 kWp to 1 MW, with funding ranging from €2,700 to €162,600. These expanded measures temporarily replace the planned Clean Export Premium (CEP) and will be reviewed, while support under the MSS scheme will gradually decrease from 2024 as system costs decline.
• Non-domestic microgen grant: provides financial assistance to help businesses and other sectors to install solar PV panels to generate electricity on site.
• Interim Clean Export Guarantee (CEG) tariff: provides an opportunity for micro-and small-scale generators in Ireland to receive payment from their electricity supplier for all excess renewable electricity they export to the grid.

• SEAI
• Eirgrid
• CRU
• DAFM
• Irish Revenue Commissioners
• DHPLG

Republic of Ireland offers several incentives with regard to the deployment of RES in heating and cooling sector. The Support Scheme Renewable Heat - SSRH provides grants for heat pumps, while an operational tariff is offered for biomass/biogas installations. Under the Targeted Agricultural Modernisation Scheme 3 (TAMS 3) (Pig & Poultry Investment Scheme/ Young Farmers’ Capital Investment Scheme), subsidies for heat pumps and solar thermal are granted to farmers. Better Energy Homes scheme provides grants for the energy upgrading of dwellings (heat pumps and solar thermal). ACA is a tax-relief scheme for energy efficient equipment such as heat pumps and solar thermal.
With regard to its RES H&C targets, the Republic of Ireland aspires to increase its RES-H&C share from 7.8% in 2020 to 24% by 2030 (NECP).

• Subsidy (Support Scheme Renewable Heat- SSRH): SSRH provides grant for the purchase and installation of heat pumps.
• Subsidy (Pig & Poultry Investment Scheme): Under the Pig & Poultry Investment Scheme, farmers active in that sector can receive support for specific investments. Among them, purchase and installation of aerothermal heat pumps, solar thermal and biomass boilers are eligible for support. Pig & Poultry Investment Scheme is part of Targeted Agricultural Modernisation Scheme II (TAMS II), included in the 2014-2020 Rural Development Programme of Ireland.
• Subsidy (Better Energy Homes): Better Energy Homes scheme provides grants for the energy upgrading of dwellings. Under this scheme, solar thermal, aerothermal, hydrothermal and geothermal technologies are supported through grants.
• Tax regulation mechanism (ACA): ACA is a tax-relief scheme that promotes the purchase of energy efficient equipment by enterprises located in the Republic of Ireland. More specifically, companies can depreciate 100% of the purchase value of certain energy efficient equipment against their profit in the year of purchase.
• Price-based mechanisms (SSRH): SSRH, apart from a subsidy, can provide an operational support – a feed-in tariff - for biomass/ biogas installations.
• RES-H building obligations (Building Regulations 2019): All new buildings occupied after 31 December 2020 must be Nearly Zero Emissions Buildings- NZEB

• SEAI
• DAFM
• Irish Revenue Commissioners
• DHPLG

RES in transport sector in the Republic of Ireland is supported by a number of support schemes. Grants are provided for the purchase of private and commercial EVs and the installation of public and private chargers. Tax relief is also given under the ACA for EVs, while they are additionally exempt from the Vehicle Registration Tax - VRT. Biofuels Obligation Scheme - BOS is also in place since 2010.
With regard to its RES-T targets, the Republic of Ireland aspires to increase its RES-T share from 5.8% in 2020 to 29% by 2030 (with additional measures).

• Subsidy (Electric Vehicle Grant Scheme): EV Grant Scheme provides grant for the purchase of private and commercial EVs.
• Tax regulation mechanism (ACA): ACA is a tax-relief scheme that promotes the purchase of energy efficient equipment by enterprises located in the Republic of Ireland. More specifically, companies can depreciate 100% of the purchase value of certain energy efficient equipment such as Electric and Alternative Fuel Vehicles against their profit in the year of purchase.
• Tax regulation mechanism (VRT - Vehicle Registration Tax): Battery Electric Vehicles are exempt from the VRT. This tax relief is eligible for all EVs registered in the Republic of Ireland until 31 December 2025.
• The Renewable Transport Fuel Obligation (RTFO) places an obligation on suppliers of mineral oil to ensure that 25% (by energy content) of the motor fuel (gasoline and motor diesel) they place on the market in Ireland is renewable, e.g. bioethanol or biodiesel.
• Support of RES-T infrastructure – charging for e-vehicles (Electric Vehicle Home Charger Grant & Electric Vehicle Apartment Charger Grant): Both schemes offer grants for the installation of chargers. The Electric Vehicle Home Charger Grant offer €300 for the installation of a home charger. The grant is open to homeowners to apply for a grant, whether they own an electric vehicle or not. The apartment charger grant assists residents and owners of apartments and other multi-unit developments who want to install a home charger for their Electric Vehicle (EV) and which are not covered by the pre-existing grants. The grant is designed for bulk installation of chargers at a single location, and supports cabling, infrastructure, labour, and construction costs. Owners' management companies, housing bodies, local authorities, commercial and private landlords can apply.  

• Irish Revenue Commissioners
• SEAI
• NORA