Island facts
It has become a challenge for the islands in the archipelago to satisfy their energy demand via the current connections.
The Cres & Losinj archipelago, situated in the Kvarner Gulf in Croatia, is the largest in the Adriatic Sea. In ancient times, the islands of Cres and Lošinj were one big island. But as the small strip of land between the two islands was the fastest way to cross this region by ship, the channel of Osor was excavated during the Roman period to shorten the path to the open sea. Today, a bridge connects the two islands to form one unit.
A diverse group uniting around the clean energy transition
The archipelago consists of seven islands - Cres, Lošinj, Unije, Ilovik, Susak, Vele Srakane, Male Srakane - and numerous uninhabited islets and reefs. Taken together, the archipelago counts 36 islands, islets and reefs.
Cres is the largest island in the Adriatic, covering 405,78 km2, while the island of Lošinj is much smaller and covers 74,68 km2. The whole archipelago together has a land surface of 513 km2, which is 16% of the total surface area of all the Adriatic islands.
The municipalities of Cres and Lošinj share the authority over the archipelago. Cres includes 26 settlements with a total of 2,879 inhabitants, 80% of which live in the town of Cres. Lošinj has 14 settlements and a population of 8,016 inhabitants. Seasonal activity can vary significantly in the archipelago, with up to 120.000 visits during the main season with daily peaks of up to 30,000 tourists.
Both islands are accessible by ferry from Brestova in Istria or Valbiska on the island of Krk.
One of the most amazing natural phenomena is that Cres has a freshwater lake - Vrana, which is a water resource for both islands. This enormous natural tank of fresh and healthy water contains more than 200 million m³ of water and supplies almost all the towns and villages on these two islands with fresh drinking water. Most of the other islands however need to import their drinking water by boat.
Energy demand on the islands is currently covered through a connection with the mainland grid. The inhabited islands of the archipelago are interconnected through medium-voltage subsea cables. Cres & Losinj are connected to the island of Krk with a high voltage (110 kV) and a medium voltage (35 kV) subsea cable. Krk is connected to the Croatian mainland with a 110 kV cable and a bridge.
However, with the local population and visitors increasing, it has become a challenge for the islands in the archipelago to satisfy their energy demand via the current connections.
How to meet rising energy demand in the archipelago
The whole archipelago has a great, yet unused potential for renewable energy. Some first steps have been taken by some actors. All the lighthouses today have installed solar PV panels. Further PV systems with a total power of 80kW have been installed on the local school, two private houses and one company (on the roof of its warehouse), all of which feed their electricity back into the grid. Some private households have invested in solar hot water systems and thermal solar panels.
A development plan for the island of Lošinj emphasizes renewable energies as the key to future sustainability and development, targeting specifically public lighting and solar hot water systems. The plan sets strategic goals and foresees monitoring. It further takes into account measures to protect the local environment, including citizen education on renewable energy generation and the reduction of greenhouse gases.
Many of the public representatives, private companies and citizens on Cres & Lošinj confirmed their eagerness to launch a transition process towards clean energy for their archipelago, to reduce the island’s energy consumption and related costs and improve the reliability of the grid. Particularly the larger and smaller local businesses and entrepreneurs see clean energy as a means to acquiring a competitive advantage and attracting “premium tourism” - visitors looking for a high level of sustainability. The objective of the island’s transition is to include citizens in this process and to become an example of a sustainable island and its transformation.
The stakeholders of Cres-Lošinj have not yet formulated a detailed vision for their clean energy transition. The Clean Energy for EU Islands Secretariat will be working with the local community over the coming months to support the islands in their undertaking, and to develop a Clean Energy Transition Agenda by summer 2019.
Project-specific support provided by the EU Islands Secretariat
Cres & Losinj requested a pre-feasibility study on biogas plant construction View the feasibility study here
As part of the 30 for 2030 call the following activities are planned:
The first activity involves conducting a study on the optimal ways of selling electricity from photovoltaic (PV) plants. This study will focus on de-risking investment using a 0.5 MW PV plant as a use case. It will also provide support for the preparation of the financial documentation required by banks. Furthermore, the analysis will seek to identify the most advantageous option for the long-term sale of electricity, considering power purchase agreements (PPAs), market options, or engaging with the Croatian Electricity Market Operator (HROTE), which may require a tender process.
The second activity is a study for the analysis of the optimal use of hydrogen (H2) generated on the island. This study will explore various applications for the hydrogen produced, including storage, public transport, heavy-duty vehicles, and marine transport.
Next, an analysis of business models for collective self-consumption will be conducted. This analysis will investigate how jointly owned PV systems can facilitate self-consumption, particularly in multi-apartment buildings, and determine the most economically profitable approaches while leveraging existing regulations. Real examples from other islands will be used to inform this analysis.
Lastly, there will be an analysis of battery energy storage system (BESS) options for the archipelago. This analysis will evaluate whether a central system or behind-the-meter solutions would be more effective, taking into account national regulations, the electricity market, and current incentives to determine the optimal solution for the region.
Find out more about the work in Cres & Losinj and watch the video.