Connection Fees and Producer Charges:
The new producer charge introduced in 2023 is still active, where renewable energy producers contribute to grid development through station and transformer fees. This charge is critical for scaling up the grid to meet increasing renewable energy integration.
Rights and obligations of customers and prosumers
Consumers can freely choose their electricity provider and have the right to access their consumption information without being charged for it. They have to pay TSO’s and DSO’s services. The Ministry of Climate, Energy and Supply can create special regulations for prosumers and energy communities regarding participation in the electricity market, consumption, production storage, and rules on balancing responsibilities.
Prosumers can store energy behind the meter and distribute it throughout the day, but they have to pay a net tariff even if they do not provide electricity to the grid.
Rights and obligations of plant operators
When necessary, Energinet may determine new conditions for changing the production to maintain efficient use of the grid, security of electricity supply, and quality of supply. Plant operator has to notify the authorities one year in advance if a production unit is closing down.
There are no special rules for RES.
Task of the TSO/DSO
The TSO is responsible for the operation of the electricity system and for maintaining security of supply. It ensures that enough electricity production capacity is present in accordance to the European Commission’s regulation on establishing guidelines for the operation of electricity transmission systems. The DSOs should provide data to the TSO for the purpose of gathering error and interruption statistics. DSOs have to ensure sufficient and efficient transport of electricity, maintain, connect suppliers and buyers to the collective electricity supply network, provide necessary transport capacity and measure the electricity in the grid.
What is the role of the National Regulatory Agency (NRA)?
NRA administers energy and supply, ensuring consumer protection and security of supply. They are promoting the use of green energy and the digitalised supply sector with a robust, flexible and coherent energy system. Ensure efficient utilisation of energy infrastructure.
Priority for RES and curtailment
Priority to renewable energy Electricity suppliers who produce electricity from renewable sources with a capacity of less than 400 kW are given priority to supply to the grid. (§27c Electricity Supply Act)
In case a reduction of electricity production is required, first priority is given to renewable energy suppliers (so as much as possible reducing the production from conventional energy sources). If that is not sufficient, the Danish grid operator (Energinet) can also order renewable energy suppliers to reduce their output to ensure the stability of the grid. (§27c (1) Electricity Supply Act)
Grid use/management on islands
The above-mentioned rules do not differ on islands.
Exceptions
A direct line is an electricity connection between an electricity producer and an electricity consumer. There’s agreement among the political majority to enable the construction of commercially owned direct lines for electricity consumers and producers of a 10 kV voltage level and above. The construction and operation must be within the applicable planning, environmental and technical requirements for constructing an electricity grid. The authorisation for constructing direct lines must be an exception to the general rule that electricity must be transported and distributed through the collective electricity grid.
If a prosumer does not have a connection to the existing grid, they are allowed to make their own energy line, but the production, distribution and consumption have to be on the same parcel instead of selling it to the grid [1, paragraph 5].
RES Integration on Islands:
Although all islands are grid-connected, there are no special provisions for isolated grids or microgrids on Danish islands. However, new regulations permit energy communities and self-consumption models, allowing prosumers to store and manage their own energy, particularly through net-metering.