A new technical report from the Clean Energy for EU Islands initiative provides valuable insights into how salt exposure affects heat pumps and solar photovoltaic (PV) systems—and how these impacts can be effectively managed in coastal environments.
Salt spray and harsh marine conditions can significantly accelerate corrosion in key system components, reducing performance, increasing maintenance costs and shortening the lifespan of energy installations. This is particularly relevant for islands and coastal regions, where renewable technologies must perform reliably under challenging environmental conditions.
The study highlights that heat pumps installed near the coast—especially within one kilometre of the sea or in areas exposed to prevailing ocean winds—face a heightened risk of corrosion. Critical components such as evaporator coils, housing, and electrical systems are particularly vulnerable and can lead to reduced efficiency or system failure if not adequately protected.
To mitigate these risks, the report identifies a range of technical solutions. “Coastal-ready” or “marine-grade” heat pumps, featuring protective coatings, corrosion-resistant materials and sealed components, are increasingly available on the market. However, the study stresses that proper installation and ongoing maintenance are just as important as equipment design. Practical measures—such as positioning units behind buildings to reduce exposure to sea winds and regularly rinsing components with fresh water—can significantly improve system durability.
For solar PV systems, the report underscores the importance of selecting panels certified to the IEC 61701 salt mist testing standard, particularly at higher severity levels suited to marine environments. In addition, using corrosion-resistant mounting structures and components, along with regular inspection and cleaning, is essential for maintaining long-term performance.
Overall, the findings show that while coastal conditions pose clear challenges, appropriate technology choices combined with robust installation and maintenance practices can ensure that heat pumps and solar PV systems remain viable and effective solutions for island energy transitions.
.You can find the full report here: Literature Review on Salt Exposure Risks and Mitigation Measures for Heat Pumps and Solar Photovoltaics in Coastal Environments | Clean energy for EU islands